ElectoWorld

The Zener diode is an electrical component whose properties are similar to a conventional diode , except that the Zener diode lets the reverse current flow when the latter exceeds the threshold of the avalanche breakdown effect. A zener diode makes it possible to produce a constant voltage. Electrical Symbol the symbol is similar to a diode, unlike the side of the cathode which looks like an inverted Z. The side of the anode is the same as the symbol for a diode. Zener diode symbol Operation characteristic: Zener diode characterstic In direct assembly the zener diode conducts but there is "a threshold voltage" as for the diode. In direct Vak <1volt. Conversely, the current is practically zero (I <1µA) if Vak> Vz, we say that the diode is  blocked. If Vak <Vz, there is a "zener effect", ie the Vak voltage varies very little. in zener the power lost in the component increases when the current modulus increases. The manufacturer specifies the maximum ...

Introduction The bipolar transistor is an electronic component of the family of transistors. This component is based on 2 PN junctions, which can either be placed to form an NPN or PNP junction.  To simplify the usefulness of the component, it is possible to specify that the third 3 leg of this component (3-leg component) controls the flow of current between the other 2 legs. NPN Transistor Symbol PNP Transistor Symbol The emitter is identified by the arrow which symbolizes the real direction of the current. Kirchhoff's law applied to the bipolar transistor: IE = IC + IB operations We have previously explained that the base of the bipolar transistor makes it possible to control the passage of current through the component. We have not yet explained that there were 2 operating regimes for this command: saturation region (transistor switching):  in this state the transistor has 2 states:  blocked or on. The state is considered to be blocked when the current no...